Athel pine is one of the worst weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts.

Athel pine forms dense stands along inland rivers. It consumes water more quickly than native plants, thereby reducing the number and quality of watering holes. It concentrates salt, which is excreted by its leaves. This makes the ground beneath athel pines more salty and excludes native pasture grasses and other salt-sensitive plants.

It can change river flow patterns and cause overland flooding and bank erosion.

Because they are drought tolerant and fire resistant, athel pines decrease the frequency of fires and alter vegetation structure.

Infestations reduce the cultural and aesthetic value of affected land and may impact on tourism in the region.

There are several other Tamarix species, all commonly known as tamarisks, that are weeds in Australia.

Key points

• Athel pine, planted for shade, shelter and erosion control throughout arid and semi-arid Australia, can escape cultivation and naturalise, especially around riverine habitats.
• It causes significant environmental and economic damage by using up valuable water resources, hindering mustering, and altering vegetation and river structure.
• New infestations should be prevented because control is difficult and costly.
• Mechanical and chemical methods are the main control options. Care must be taken using either method around waterways.