Summary of available virological tests for various diseases or disease syndromes
Key
Follow the links for more technical information on each test type:
| Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test (AGID) |
| Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) |
| Electron microscopy (EM) |
| Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) |
| Latex agglutination test (LA) |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
| Virus isolation (VI) |
| Virus neutralization test (VNT) |
Section A: Recognised Viral Diseases
| Host | Disease | Virus | Available diagnostic tests |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | Ephemeral fever (EF) | Rhabdovirus | VNT, (ELISA), (VI) |
| Bovine pestivirus | Pestivirus | Antigen ELISA, GDPT, VI, Antibody ELISA, VNT | |
| Mucosal disease (MD) | |||
| Infertility | |||
| Abortion | |||
| Congenital abnormalities | |||
| Bovine malignant catarrh | Bovine herpesvirus | Use histopathology | |
| Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV2) | PCR at AgWest | ||
| Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) | Bovine herpesvirus - Type 1 | VNT, VI | |
| Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) | Bovine herpesvirus - Type 1 | VNT, VI | |
| Encephalitis | Bovine herpesvirus - Type 1 | VNT, VI | |
| Mamillitis | Bovine herpesvirus - Type 2 | EM | |
| Bovine papular stomatitis (pseudocowpox) | Parapox virus | EM | |
| Congenital arthrogryposis /hydranencephaly (AG/HE) | Akabane virus | AGID, VNT, (VI) | |
| Aino virus | |||
| Palyam virus | |||
| Pestivirus also causes AG | |||
| Calf scours | Rotavirus | LA, EM | |
| Coronavirus | EM | ||
| Enzootic bovine leukosis | EBL virus (Retrovirus) | ELISA | |
| Bluetongue | Bluetongue virus (BTV) (various types) | AGID, ELISA, VNT, VI AGID is group specific VNT is type specific |
|
| Abortion Congenital abnormalities |
Palyam virus (various types) see also Pestivirus) | AGID, (VNT, VI) | |
| Enzootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) virus (EHD1-EHD5) |
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| Ibaraki Disease | EHD2 | AGID, (VNT, VI) | |
| Sheep | Contagious pustular dermatitis (Orf, scabby mouth) | Parapox virus | EM, Histopath |
| Arthrogryposis /hydranencephaly (AG/HE) |
Akabane virus | AGID, VNT, ELISA | |
| Ovine pestivirus (Border disease) | Pestivirus | Antigen ELISA, AGID, VI Antibody ELISA, VNT | |
| Bluetongue | Bluetongue virus (BTV) (various types) | AGID, ELISA, VNT, VI AGID is group specific VNT is type specific |
|
| Pigs | Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) |
Cardiovirus | VI, (VNT) |
| Swine Pox | Poxvirus | EM, Histopath | |
| Haemagglutinating encephalitis virus infection (HEV) (Vomiting and wasting disease) |
Coronavirus | (HI) | |
| Piglet scours | Rotavirus | LA, EM | |
| Parvovirus disease | Parvovirus | AGID (for antigen and antibody) | |
| Goats | Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE, big knees) | Retrovirus | ELISA, (VI, AGID) |
| Vaginitis | Caprine herpesvirus | VI, (VNT) | |
| Horses | Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) | Retrovirus | AGID |
| Equine rhinopneumonitis Viral abortion |
Equine herpesvirus - Type 1 | VI, (VNT) | |
| Poultry | Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) | Picornavirus | ELISA, Histopath |
| Avian influenza Fowl plague Duck influenza |
Orthomyxovirus | AGID, ELISA, HI, VI, BR, Histopath | |
| Egg drop syndrome (EDS 76) | Haemagglutinating adenovirus 127 (group II) |
HI, (VNT, HA, VI) | |
| Fowl adenovirus - Acute inclusion body hepatititis (IBH) of chickens <14d | Adenovirus (group 1) (1 serotype of 12) |
AGID, VNT, Histopath AGID is group specific; VNT is serotype specific |
|
| Fowl pox (FP) | Avipoxvirus | EM, (VI), Histopath | |
| Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis (THE) haemorrhagic enteritis (HE) of turkeys |
Adenovirus (group III) | AGID, Histopath | |
| Herpesvirus of turkeys | Herpesvirus | (VI), (HVT) | |
| Inclusion body hepatitis | Adenovirus (group 1) | VI, VNT, Histopath | |
| Infectious bronchitis (IB) | Coronavirus | (VI), Histopath | |
| Infectious bursal disease (IBD) | Birnavirus | ELISA, AGID, Histopath | |
| Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) | Herpesvirus | Antigen ELISA, Histopath | |
| Mareks disease | Herpesvirus | Antigen ELISA, Histopath, (VI) | |
| Newcastle disease (ND) | Paramyxovirus | HI, ELISA, HA, VI, Histopath | |
| Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) | Retrovirus | VNT, (VI), Histopath | |
| Fish | Epizootic haematopoeitic necrosis (EHN) | Iridovirus | VI |
| Crustacea | White spot syndrome (WSS) | White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) | PCR |
Section B: Syndromes with possible viral involvement
| Host | Disease | Possible Agent | Available diagnostic tests |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | Respiratory disease | Parainfluenza 3 (PI3) | ELISA, (VNT) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
ELISA, (VNT) | ||
| Pestivirus | AGID, (ELISA, VI, VNT) | ||
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus | AGID, (ELISA, VI, VNT) | ||
| Adenovirus | AGID | ||
| Sheep | Respiratory disease | PI3 | ELISA (VNT) |
| Poultry | Big liver spleen syndrome (BLS) | ? | AGID, Histopath |