Prior to recent outbreaks in 2009, swine influenza had not been reported in Australia. In July and August 2009 several outbreaks of pandemic H1N1 Influenza A 2009 virus infection, or 'Swine flu', occurred on pig farms in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. Any suspected occurrence of influenza in pigs is notifiable and should be reported by calling the Emergency Animal Disease Watch Hotline 1800 675 888. Laboratory fees of tests required to confirm or exclude the diagnosis and establish an alternative diagnosis will be paid by NSW Primary Industries.

Caution: Swine Influenza is a zoonotic disease, causing illness and rarely death in humans.

Where Swine Influenza is suspected, wear suitable personal protective equipment and make appropriate biosecurity arrangements to ensure that you can safely leave the property.

Further information on Swine Influenza can be obtained at:
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/pigs/health/swine-flu

Diagnosis

• History of contact with humans affected or in-contact with other humans with influenza.
• Clinical signs in pigs include coughing, respiratory disease, depression, inappetence and a high temperature (>39.5°C).

Specimens required

Specimens suggested below should be collected and submitted in duplicate to the Regional Veterinary Laboratory at Menangle.

Specimens should be double-bagged, chilled and sent by overnight courier with a freezer block.

1. Nasal swabs

Ideally collect up to 20 from affected pigs for PCR testing. Use dry swabs (not those with transport medium for bacteria). Swab both nostrils of each pig using a different swab and place both swabs into a single vial of transport medium (PBGS). Break off the swab aseptically and secure the lid firmly. Vials of phosphate buffered gelatin saline (PBGS) are available from EMAI on request.

2. Plain clotted blood in vacuum tubes

Collect from affected pigs and 10 in contacts for antibody testing.

N.B.

• Clearly label specimens as 'suspect Swine Influenza'. Pack securely and forward to the laboratory separately from other specimens.
• Advise the laboratory that you are submitting the samples and place a warning under the lid of the outer packaging. This will ensure special biosecurity precautions are undertaken at the laboratory.