Sea surface temperatures (SST)

• The latest weekly values  reported by the Bureau of Meteorology for the three NINO indices in the tropical Pacific were: NINO3 +0.02°C, NINO3.4 -0.09°C, NINO4 -0.23°C (as of 27 April 2025). The latest value can be found on the Bureau of Meteorology’s website.
• The figure shows the monthly sea surface temperatures anomalies for April (sourced from NOAA on 1 May 2025).

Persistent NINO3 or NINO3.4 values warmer than +0.8 °C are typical of El Niño, while persistent values cooler than −0.8 °C typically indicate La Niña.