Sea surface temperatures (SST)

• The latest values of the three NINO indices in the tropical Pacific for the week ending 1 September were: NINO3 -0.24°C, NINO3.4 -0.01°C, NINO4 +0.41°C (sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology on 4 September 2024).
• The figure shows the monthly sea surface temperatures anomalies between 4 August and 31 August 2024 (sourced from NOAA on 4 September 2024).
• Persistent NINO3 or NINO3.4 values warmer than +0.8 °C are typical of El Niño, while persistent values cooler than −0.8 °C typically indicate La Niña.