Sea surface temperatures (SST)

• The latest values of the three NINO indices in the tropical Pacific for the week ending 27 October were: NINO3 -0.38°C, NINO3.4 -0.61°C, NINO4 -0.25°C (sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology on 31 October 2024).
• The figure shows the monthly sea surface temperatures anomalies between 29 September and 26 October 2024 (sourced from NOAA on 31 October 2024).
• Persistent NINO3 or NINO3.4 values warmer than +0.8 °C are typical of El Niño, while persistent values cooler than −0.8 °C typically indicate La Niña.