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Interactive Drought Map
Farm Resources
State Seasonal Update Archive
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
Back to DPI Climate
2025
July 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
June 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
May 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
April 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
March 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
February 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
January 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
2024
December 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
November 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
October 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
September 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
August 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
Drought forecast
CDIPastAccuracy_Gerrity_iM8_fM10_LT3.jpg
CDImode_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
CDImodeAgreementParish_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
July 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
Drought forecast
CDIPastAccuracy_Gerrity_iM8_fM10_LT3.jpg
CDImode_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
CDImodeAgreementParish_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
June 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
May 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
April 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
March 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
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2025
July 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
June 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
May 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
April 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
March 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
February 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
January 2025
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
Short term dryness indicator
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
2024
December 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
November 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
October 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
September 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Drought forecast
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
August 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
Drought forecast
CDIPastAccuracy_Gerrity_iM8_fM10_LT3.jpg
CDImode_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
CDImodeAgreementParish_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
July 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
Drought forecast
CDIPastAccuracy_Gerrity_iM8_fM10_LT3.jpg
CDImode_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
CDImodeAgreementParish_i20240801_f20241031_LT3M.jpg
June 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
May 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
April 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
March 2024
NSW Summary
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
Combined Drought Indicator (CDI)
Soil Water Index (SWI)
Plant Growth Index (PGI)
Rainfall Index (RI)
Drought Direction Index (DDI)
About the individual indicators
Climate analysis
Rainfall Analysis
Temperature Analysis
Extreme event analysis
Crop and pasture condition
Farm water availability
On ground reporting
Climate outlook and drivers
Climate outlook
NSW outlook
National outlook
Global climate drivers
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Southern Oscillation Index
Sea surface temperatures (SST)
Sub-surface sea temperatures
Indian Ocean (IOD)
Southern Annular Mode (SAM)
Regional breakdown
Overview
Central Tablelands LLS region
Central West LLS region
Greater Sydney LLS region
Hunter LLS region
Murray LLS region
North Coast LLS region
Northern Tablelands LLS region
North West LLS region
Riverina LLS region
South-East LLS region
Western LLS region
About the program
The Combined Drought Indicator
Acknowledgements
Subscribe to the State Seasonal Update
February 2024
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State Seasonal Update Archive
November 2024
Monthly indicators
Seasonal conditions and drought assessment
